Tuyere construction with cooling and steam feeding means



Jan. 15, 1952 G. H. WOLFE ET AL TUYERE CONSTRUCTION WITH COOLING AND STEAM FEEDING MEANS Filed Aug. '7, 1946 2 SHEETSSHEET l I INVENTORS GEORGE H. WOLFE oTHY E. oliCKENZIE &1" EYj 1952 G. H. WOLFE ET AL TUYERE CONS RUCTION WITH COOLING AND STEAM FEEDING MEANS 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 INVENTORS GEORGE H. WOLFE DOROTHY MACKENZIE ORNE Filed Aug. 7, 1946 Patented Jan. 15, 1952 were CONSTRUCTION WIVITH' (106mm;

. AND STEAM FEEDING :MEANS eeorgt H. 'wdlteana math; v, 'RenmNcv :waaae' a This invention relates improvements in tuyres of the character usedwith apparatus in which high temperatures are required to be established in order to produce a desired result.

The object of the invention is to provide a tuyere for use in connection with apparatus i which high temperatures are established and which isconstructed with an outer shell or chamber filled with lead,-or othersimilarmaterial having a low melting point, for absorbing the heat transmitted to the tuyere from the apparatus.

Additiona1 objects: and, advantages of ,the tuyereconstruction will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with-the accompanying.drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a side elevationalyiew of thetuyre made in accordance with ourinvention and indicating by dotted lines the relative position of the several parts of the, interiorconstruction thereof;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tuyre construction and showing the tuyere-as it would be positioned. in the wall of an apparatus with which it is intended to be used Figure 3 is a rear end view .ofthetuyre and showing the relative positions of the air inlet tube, the leadreservoir, and the water inlet-tube of the construction; and. I

Figure 4 is a view of the nozzle end of the tuyre with a part brokenaway to indicate the relative position of the parts. e

It is Well known that tuyeres which are used with apparatus of the type in which high temperature combustion zones are required to be established, are subjected to suchlextreme' heat temperatures that unless theyare specially protected their life .and usefulness is greatly shortened. It is also known that in the. operation ofla gas producer retort, which is an apparatus ore-the type where high temperature combustion zones are necessary to produce the results desired, the rate of. gasiflcation will be considerablyincreased if the temperature of the combustion zone is maintained in a constant elevated. condition.

becomes rapidly disassociated to hydrogen and oxygen and the hydrogen functions to, enrich the combustible gas produced, and the liberated oxygen combines with carbon to form carbon monoxide. 1 j; In-.the past it has been founddifiicult to continuously maintain the desirable conditions necessary forthe eflicientfunctioning ofthe high temperature combustion zones established in a gas producing apparatus, or to efliciently supply to said combustion zonesthe air and superheated Also, it is known that if the air introduced into such a gas producer apparatus through the tuyere, is in a heated state, the temperature of the combustion zone will be increased and thus the overall efficiency of the apparatus and the rate of gasification will be benefited. Another advantageous practice in the operation of such an apparatus is to admit superheated steam to the high temperature combustion zone thereof. Such steam required, because of the rapid-deterioration-of thetuyeres which havebeen'used, and which makes-necessary the-replacement of, new tuyresat frequentintervals.

.We have discovered that by--constructing .a tuyre in the manner described and'illustrated herein, and sothat it is provided with anexterior steel walled shell or chamber' filled with lead, and forming the tuyre so that is provided with an interior central duct forthe passage of air and steam intothe combustion zone of the gas producer apparatus, the tuyre construction will not only have a high resistance to theaction of the-heat present withinpthe apparatus, and will remain comparativelycool, but it will also function to permit the introduction-of'asteady flow of heated air and superheated steam to the combustionfire, zone thereof, and that the gas generated in the apparatuswill be properly enriched. 1 We'have alsowfound it possible, by reason of the construction and operation of my improved tuyere, to maintain a uniform temperature throughout the gas producing apparatus for any desired operation. For instance, by decreasing the size and cooling area of the lead chamber'of the. *tuyre, the" temperature of the lead contained therein may be raisedgand thus the degree .creased' ConVerseIy, by--increa'sing the area of the lead chamben 'and-thus' lowering the tem perature of the lead,"the"temperaturebf-the air flowing through the tuyr'e will be lowered; This makes possible the designing of the tuyere'so that itcan'be used. for any temperature condition desired to be'restablis'hed'in the combustion zone ofthe apparatus, and for the production of any desired quality of gas to be generated.

. Referring now more particularly to the drawings and especially to the view of the tuyereas shown in Figure 2, theconstruction thereof and the mannerof its operation is as follows: 7 I

- In Figure 2 the tuyere isshown in section and steam, when introduced to the, combustion zone, its,operative position with respect to the wall i of an apparatus, such for instance as a gas producer retort. The tuyre is constructed in such manner that it is provided with the outer and inner steel walls 2 and 3, which are spaced apart sufliciently to provide a chamber or shell 4, and with the inner walls forming a central air duct 5. ,The .chambernor shell 4 terminates at the rear endaof the'tuyre in an enlarged chamber or reservoir portion 6, which is provided with a filling opening I. This filling opening may be provided with any suitable type of closure (not shown). Mounted within the .reservoiriportion '6 of the chamber or shell 4 and shapedeso'lthat they will extend through the chamber portion. 4,

are one or more heat conduction elements ii,

which are suitably made of copper. Extending through the reservoir portion'aiB of; the chamberl purpose of effecting this action is to eliminate or reduce the extent of the expansion of the lead in the nozzle end -'.Of the tuyere, which if it is restrained by..solidified lead in the reservoir portion, will expand and will gradually distort the ,portion' of the exterior casing of chamber 4 which extends through the wall of the retort.

"By. using:two:ormore of these copper heat exhate-the internal thermal expansion pressure being established by the melting lead at 'th heated end of-the tuyere.

It has been *found that in operation the temperature of the lead will'reach 900 to 1000 or'more combustion fire zone wo'uld be established in an area within the retort adjacent to the point where'the tuyere projects' throu'gh the wall of-the retort. When such a combustion fire zone is presentwithin'the' retort, the end of the .tuyere,

which projects intothe, retort would be subjected to the very intense-heat from thefire zone,

Vandthe' temperature'of the metal at the end ofthe tuyere-will become elevated. The lead tion 6. In time, allof thelead within the chamber portion 4 and reservoir portion 6, will be heated. to aliquid state dueto the heat which is pushed up by the lead which is in contact with the-hot tip of the :tuyre.

't The coolair which flows through 'the air duct 5,: of ':the' tuyre construction, will serve as a 'meansaof; dissipating the heat from :the liquefied lead-r contained inr'chamber'4, and reservoir-6, and-.saidair will thus become preheated as it passes througha-the "tuyere so that when it en- -ters,:the retort in its:preheatedi'condition it will function :to betteraccelerate the combustion" in .the'fire'zone'therein; If desired, fins (not shown), .could .be-located'on the inner side of -tube;3 to increase the rate of ;heat transfer to the incoming va,ir -p,assing through. tube3. The heat from the=molten lead .within: the 'chamber-4,-and reservoir portionfi, will also be transmitted :to the water-ascit passes through the tube!) and-will cause theiwater -to--be; changed into superheated steam; and said steam-will pass through. the .air duct 5;:with the air and will also function toaccelerateszthe 1combustionvwithin the :retort and to enrich the'B; t.1u. content of the gas-by'adding hydrogen to the gas as it is being produced;

I The :copper heat exchange elements 8, positioned within the chamber 4 and reservoir portion 6 of--'the tuyere, will also function to increase the rate of the" removal of the heat; from the tuyre end. -As'is-well,.known, lead will degrees, depending upon the size and cooling area of the shell 4, and reservoir 6. Bydecreasing the size and coolingarea of the shell'and reservoir, the temperature -of lead within the tuyre will be raised and thus the degree ofipreheat imparted to the incoming air will be increased. Also, by increasing this area "of the lead chambers the temperature imparted to the incoming air willbe-decreased. I

Although the above description refers -toa tuyre used witha gas generating apparatus, the invention is not intended to be limited to tuyres of this type. The'method of heat conduction accomplished by the construction and the functioning of the tuyre to maintain-proper temperature conditions within an apparatus canbe used 'in numerous other'apparatus Where' high temperatures are required for a desired-result. For instance, the principles of the invention may be employed in fuel nozzles'used in .thecombustion chambers of combustion motors attached to jet propulsion drives. Also such a tuyere may be used in connection with turbines and other apparatus, Where liquid molten metallic heat conduction would'prolong the life and effectiveness of high temperature parts and make. possible operating temperatures otherwise unobtainable, or they may be used to maintain auniform temperature'throughout a passage or conduit for any desired operation.

Having now described our invention, what we claim is: V

l. ,A tuyre comprising a cylindrical metallic body formed withan outer annular cooling'jacket terminatingat one endin an enlarged chamber extending upwardly .to a level above 1 the? level of the mind the tuyre, metallic heat conduction elements mounted in said cooling jacket extend: ing down through said enlarged chamber and into said cooling jacket forward substantially to the end of said tuyre, and a filling of metallic material possessing. a low melting :pointjn the cooling jacket.

2. A tuyere comprising a metallic body formed with a central tapered longitudinal passage therethrough and having an outer. annular cooling jacket terminating at one end in an' enlarged chamber extending upwardly to a level above the level of the tip of the tuyere, metallic heat conduction elements mounted in said coolin jacket extending substantially from the upper extremity of said enlarged cooling chamber to the extremity of said tuyere, a water tube extending through the enlarged chamber and communicating with the central longitudinal passage through the tuyere, and a filling of metallic material having a low melting point in the cooling jacket.

3. A tuyere comprising a cylindrical metallic body formed with a tapered central longitudinal passage therethrough and having an outer annular cooling jacket terminating at one end in an enlarged chamber extending upwardly to a level above the level of the tip of the tuyre, curved metallic heat conduction elements mounted in said cooling jacket extending substantially from the upper extremity of said enlarged chamher to the inner extremity of the tuyre, and a filling of lead in the cooling jacket.

4. A 'tuyere comprising a cylindrical metallic body formed with a tapered central longitudinal passage therethrough and having an outer annular cooling jacket extending at one end to the nose portion of the tuyere and terminating at the other end in an enlarged chamber extending upwardly to a level above the level of the tip of the tuyere, copper heat conduction elements mounted in said cooling jacket extending substantially from the uppermost extremity of said enlarged chamber to the extremity of the nose portion of the tuyere, and a filling of lead in the cooling jacket.

5. A tuyere comprising a cylindrical steel body formed with a tapered central longitudinal passage therethrough and having an annular outer chamber extending at one end to the nose portion of the tuyere and terminating at the other end in an enlarged reservoir portion extending upwardly to a level above the level of the tip of the tuyere, copper heat conductor elements mounted in the reservoir portion and extending in the annular outer chamber to the nose portion of the tuyere so that the heat conductor elements extend=substantially from the uppermost extremity of the enlarged reservoir portion to the extremity of the nose portion of the tuyere, a water tube extending through the reservoir portion and communicating with the central longitudinal passage, and a filling of lead in the outer chamber and reservoir portion.

6. A tuyere comprising a cylindrical steel body formed with a tapered central longitudinal pas- 55 sage therethrough and having an annular outer cooling chamber extending at one end to the nose portion of the tuyere and terminating at the other end in an enlarged reservoir portion extending upwardly to a level above the level of the tip of the tuyere, an opening in said reservoir portion adapted to receive a cooling medium for said cooling chamber, a plurality of copper heat conductor rods mounted in the reservoir portion and extending into the cooling chamber to the nose portion of the tuyre, so that the heat conductor rods extend substantially from the uppermost extemity of the enlarged reservoir portion to the inner extremity of the nose portion of the tuyre, a Water tube extending through the reservoir portion and communicating with the central longitudinal passage, and a filling of lead in the outer cooling chamber and in the reservoir portion.

7. A tuyere comprising a cylindrical metallic body provided with a tapered central passage therethrough and formed with an outer annular chamber which extends to the end of the nose portion of the tuyere at one end and terminates in an enlarged reservoir portion extending upwardly to a level above the level of the tip of the tuyere at the other end, a plurality of heat conductor elements positioned within the reservoir portion and extending into the annular chamber to the nose portion of the tuyere so that the heat conductor elements extend substantially from the upper extremity of the reservoir portion to the inner extremity of the nose portion of the tuyere, a water tube extending through the reservoir portion and communicating with said central passage through the tuyre, and a metallic material filling said outer annular chamber including the reservoir portion thereof and which has a low melting point and a rate of heat conduction less than the said heat conductor elements.

GEORGE H. WOLFE. DOROTHY E. MACKENZIE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 442,677 Fry Feb. 14, 1922 1,406,204 Menger Feb. 14, 1922 1,762,814 Fosdick June 10, 1930 2,004,252 Sorensen June 11, 1935 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 213,726 Switzerland Aug. 16, 1941 700,082 France Dec. 22, 1930 815,485 France Apr. 12, 1937 881,260 France Jan. 22, 1943 

